內(nèi) 容 提 要
-ING分詞也是動(dòng)詞的非限定性形式，由動(dòng)詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成，在句中可以直接作主語(yǔ)，也可用形式主語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替，而把-ING分詞放到后邊;可以作表語(yǔ);作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞有一定的要求，有的動(dòng)詞只能跟接-ING分詞，有的動(dòng)詞則既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ING分詞，而且-ING分詞還可作介詞的賓語(yǔ);在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞也有一定的要求;作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，
-ING分詞要與其邏輯主語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)，否則就要用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu);-ING分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。跟動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，-ING分詞也有它的完成時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和否定形式;最后我們還要了解-ING分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題。
I -ING分詞的形式
-ING分詞是指由動(dòng)詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，具體形式如下
主動(dòng)形式
被動(dòng)形式
一般時(shí)
doing
being done
完成時(shí)
having done
having been done
就其語(yǔ)法功能而言，它可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
II -ING分詞的用法
一、 作主語(yǔ)
1. 一般形式
1) the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.
[A] Taking the part of
[B] Taking part in
[C] To take the part of
[D] To take the notice in
2) a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
[A] As
[B] To be
[C] Is
[D] Being
3) by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.
[A] Eliminate problems
[B] The eliminated problems
[C] Eliminating problems
[D] Problems are eliminated
2. 有時(shí)可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)
It’s waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.
It’s interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.[說(shuō)明：從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible, important, essential, necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動(dòng)詞不定式。我們不能說(shuō) It’s quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應(yīng)改作It’s quite necessary to take part in the negociation.]
It’s glorious getting involved in working out the plan.
4) It is [A] possible determining that [B] French explorers reached the jucture of [C] the Kansas and Missouri rivers [D] in the seventeenth century.
二、作表語(yǔ)的-ING分詞
Seeing is believing.
His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.
三、-ING分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)
1. 一類(lèi)是動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后邊跟賓語(yǔ)的非限定性動(dòng)詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge, admit(坦白，承認(rèn)), advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, contemplate(深思), delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲過(guò)，避開(kāi)), excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味著，等于), mind(在乎), miss, postpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒險(xiǎn)干…), suggest, threaten。
5) By taking the back way he escaped .
[A] to be seen
[B] have been seen
[C] seeing
[D] being seen
6) I came late and missed Jack winning.
[A] to see
[B] seeing
[C] see
[D] seen
7) “I see our boss coming down the hall.”
“Then we’d better quit and get down to business.”
[A] talking
[B] to talk
[C] from talking
[D] having talk
8) The young doctor first [A] practised to use [B] the needles on [C] his own [D] wrist.
9) Some experts have advocated to bring [A] that country into [B] the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue [C] that began [D] after the 1967 Middle East War.
2. 另一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后邊作賓語(yǔ)的非限定性動(dòng)詞可以是-ING分詞的動(dòng)名詞，也可以是動(dòng)詞不定式，如：attempt, begin, can’t bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget, go on, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。(動(dòng)詞后接-ING和不定式時(shí)在用法上的區(qū)別在下一章講)
10) “What’s wrong with Henry?”“He needs .”
[A] cheer up
[B] to be cheer up
[C] cheering up
[D] to cheered up
11) Any such news would start her .
[A] to worry
[B] worrying
[C] worry
[D] worried
3. -ING分詞作賓語(yǔ)還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語(yǔ)放到句子的后邊去
I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture./Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.
四、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
幾乎所有介詞，不管是單個(gè)介詞還是介詞詞組，不管它們是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的組成部分與否，都能用-ING分詞的動(dòng)名詞作其賓語(yǔ)。所以，-ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候很多。-ING結(jié)構(gòu)一般作介詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)，主要有以下搭配關(guān)系
1. 動(dòng)詞+介詞+ -ING
12) Scientists measure the hardness [A] of a material [B] by comparatively [C] with a table of ten well-known [D] metals.
13) Her mother did not [A] approve of her to go [B] to the party without dressing [C] formally [D] .
14) Although many women’s colleges [A] have been coeducational [B] , other universities remain committed to keep [C] their facilities separate [D] .
15) We insist on you leave [A] the place before [B] any further [C] disturbances take place [D] .
2. 名詞(形容詞，不及物動(dòng)詞)+介詞to(不要把它視為動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志)。下面是大綱中所列短語(yǔ)中的“to”為介詞：(be) contrary to (與…相反),object(objection)to (反對(duì)), with a view to (為…起見(jiàn))，(be) opposed to (反對(duì))， in contrast to (與…成對(duì)比),be used to (習(xí)慣于), be exposed to, be dedicated to (致力于),resort to (訴諸于), as to (關(guān)于), be accustomed to (習(xí)慣于), be devoted to (獻(xiàn)身于), be committed to (委身于), react to (對(duì)…反應(yīng)), with regard to (關(guān)于), look forward to (期待), contribute to (貢獻(xiàn))，owe to由于，歸功于等
16) I have no objection the evening with them.
[A] to spend
[B] to spending
[C] to have spent
[D] to have to spend
17) Why do you object to the direction?
[A] following
[B] follow
[C] have follow
[D] have been followed
18) Mr. Brown often wore [A] a heavy coat [B] because he was not used to live [C] in such a [D] cold climate.
19) Livy was the [A] only great historian of the time [B] , and he devoted his attention to give [C] the world splendid [D] pictures.
3. 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞+ -ING
I look forward to her coming soon.
4. 形容詞(或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ED分詞)+介詞+ -ING
I am proud of having such a son.
He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.
It’s impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.
He is interested in playing table tennis.
5. 表示征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)的 “How about…?”, “What…about?”
How about going there?
What about having a concert?
20) How about to the movies tonight?
[A] going
[B] if go
[C] to go
[D] if we go
