1) 概念：表示過去的過去

----|-------|-----|---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成。

那時以前 那時現在

2) 用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

b. 狀語從句

在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時;發生在后，用一般過去時。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left

答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此

前一句應用過去進行時。

注意：had no … when還沒等…… 就……

had no sooner… than剛…… 就……

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.