(1)陳述句(Declarative Sentence)
定義 就事物依照其實(shí)在情形陳述的句子叫做陳述句。
本節(jié)A單元所討論的肯定句和否定句皆為陳述句。陳述句的句末必須使用句號(hào)(Full Stop)“.”，以示句子的陳述結(jié)束。
(2)疑問(wèn)句(Interrogative Sentence)
定義 表達(dá)疑問(wèn)(亦即發(fā)問(wèn))或請(qǐng)求的句子叫做疑問(wèn)句。
例：Is he a friend of your brother’s?
(他是你哥哥的朋友嗎?——發(fā)問(wèn))
例：Can you do this for me?
(你能替我做這件事嗎?——請(qǐng)求)
疑問(wèn)句的句末必須使用問(wèn)號(hào)(Question mark)“?”來(lái)標(biāo)示問(wèn)句的結(jié)束。
疑問(wèn)句可再分為一般疑問(wèn)(General question)和特殊疑問(wèn)(Special question)兩種。(Yes-no questions)
(a)一般疑問(wèn)：用be或助動(dòng)詞置于句首，并以“Yes，…”，或“No，…”回答的問(wèn)句稱為一般疑問(wèn)(也稱Yes-no questions)。
①be 或 have(有)置于句首來(lái)表達(dá)疑問(wèn)：
例：Am I wrong again?
(我又錯(cuò)了?)
Yes, you are (wrong again).
(是的，你又錯(cuò)了。)
No, you aren’t.
(不，你沒(méi)錯(cuò)。)
例：Is it your bicycle?
(這輛自行車是你的嗎?)
Yes, it is.
(是的，是我的。)
No, it isn’t.
(不，那不是我的。)
例：Were there many people at her birthday party?
(她的生日宴會(huì)來(lái)了很多人嗎?)
Yes, there were.
(是的，來(lái)了很多人。)
No, there weren’t.
(沒(méi)有，沒(méi)有很多人。)
例：Have you money with you?
(=Do you have money with you?——美語(yǔ))
(你身上帶錢了嗎?)
Yes, I have.(Yes, I do.——美語(yǔ))
(有，我?guī)уX了。)
No, I have no money with me.
(No, I don’t.——美語(yǔ))
(沒(méi)有，我沒(méi)帶錢。)
②助動(dòng)詞置于句首來(lái)表達(dá)疑問(wèn)：
例：Shall I call a taxi for you ?
(需要我替你叫一輛出租車嗎?)
Yes, please. Thank you.
(好的，謝謝你。)
(No, thank you.)
(不必了，謝謝你。)
例：Will you do that for her?
(你愿意替她做那件事嗎?)
Yes, I will.(是的，我愿意。)
No, I won’t.(不，我不愿意。)
例：Can she drive?
(她會(huì)開(kāi)車嗎?)
Yes, she can.(是的，她會(huì)。)
No, she can’t.(不，她不會(huì)。)
③一般動(dòng)詞則使用“do”來(lái)表達(dá)疑問(wèn)：
例：Do you speak Japanese?
(你會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎?)
Yes, I do.(是的，我會(huì)說(shuō)。)
No, I don’t.(不，我不會(huì)說(shuō)。)
例：Does she swim very well.
(她游泳游得好嗎?)
Yes, she does. She is a good swimmer.
(是的，她游得好。她是游泳高手。)
No, she doesn’t. She doesn’t swim at all.
(不，她不會(huì)。她根本不會(huì)游泳。)
例：Did you tell her the truth?
(你向她說(shuō)了實(shí)話嗎?)
Yes, I did.(是的，我說(shuō)了。)
No, I didn’t.(不，我沒(méi)說(shuō)。)
例：Don’t you like to have a cup of coffee?
(你不喜歡喝一杯咖啡嗎?)
Yes, I do.(要，我要一杯。)
No, I don’t. Thank you.
(不，我不要。謝謝你。)
注：依循否定疑問(wèn)要表達(dá)否定答案時(shí)，中文的習(xí)慣是“是的，……不……(或沒(méi)有……)”，但是英語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“No， …not.”，不可如中文說(shuō)成“Yes，…not.”。
(b)特殊疑問(wèn)(Wh-questions)：使用疑問(wèn)詞(what，who，which，how，why，when，where，etc.)發(fā)問(wèn)，不能用“Yes，…”或“No，…”回答的問(wèn)句叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句(也稱Wh-questions)。
例：What is that in your hand?
(你手里拿的是什么?)
It’s a brooch, a present from my elder brother.
(是胸針，是我哥哥送我的禮物。)
例：Who is the young lady sitting beside your mother?
(坐在你母親旁邊的那位年輕女士是誰(shuí)?)
She is my aunt on my mother’s side.
(她是我的姨媽。)
例：Which do you like to have, tea or coffee.
(你要哪一種，茶還是咖啡?)
Coffee, please.
(請(qǐng)給我咖啡。)
例：How often do you have you English class in a week?
(你的英語(yǔ)課一星期有幾次?)
Four periods a week.
(每星期有四節(jié)課。)
(c)疑問(wèn)句的音調(diào)：
疑問(wèn)句的基本而正常的音調(diào)如下：
①一般疑問(wèn)：
②特殊疑問(wèn)：
Drilling Square
Ⅰ.請(qǐng)把下列各句陳述句改為疑問(wèn)句。
1.There is no water in the bottle.
2.She can sing and dance very well.
3.He has a brother in the United States.
4.It often rains in summer here.
5.Her cousin lives in Suzhou.
6.They always played together at that time.
7.Tom got home very late yesterday.
Ⅱ.下面各題都是答句，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出各題的問(wèn)句。
1.Yes, he does. He come here very often.
2.No, I wasn’t. I was out yesterday evening.
3.Yes, I did. I always lock the door of my room when I go out.
4.He is my new teacher of English.
5.I brush my teeth two times a day.
6.He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick.
7.She lives at 68 on Park Street.
(3)祈使句(Imperative Sentence)
定義 用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令，因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。
祈使句因?qū)ο?即主語(yǔ))是第二人稱，所以通常都省略。祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，句末則使用句號(hào)來(lái)表示結(jié)束。
Go and wash your hands.
(去洗你的手。——命令)
Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.)
(請(qǐng)安靜。——請(qǐng)求)
Be kind to our sister.
(對(duì)姊妹要和善。——?jiǎng)窀?
Watch your steps.
(走路小心。——警告)
Look out!Danger!
(小心!危險(xiǎn)!——強(qiáng)烈警告，已如感嘆句)
Keep off the grass.
(勿踐草坪。——禁止)
No parking.
(禁止停車。——禁止)
解說(shuō)祈使句的否定通常使用“Don’t …”，例如：
Don’t let the dog in.
(不要讓那只狗進(jìn)來(lái)。)
Don’t touch, please.
(請(qǐng)不要用手觸摸。)
Don’t be silly.
(別傻了。)
祈使句也常把主語(yǔ)“You”表達(dá)出來(lái)，使對(duì)方聽(tīng)起來(lái)覺(jué)得柔和些，例如：
You go and tell him, Chris.
(克立斯你去告訴他。)
(4)感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentence)
定義表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈情緒(喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)、驚、恐等)的句子叫做感嘆句。
強(qiáng)烈情緒的表達(dá)通常有下列三種方式。
(a)使用感嘆詞(請(qǐng)參考第三章，構(gòu)詞法與詞類——詞類，H)
(b)只用情緒感覺(jué)的語(yǔ)詞，例如：
Water! Water! Quick!
(水!水!快!——如救火或救人時(shí)。)
What taste!
(這是什么味道啊!——如吃到怪味時(shí))
(c)使用“How…!”或“What(a)…!”的句式，例如：
How beautiful you are, Helen!
(海倫，您是多么地美!)
What a beautiful flower it is!
(這一朵花多么地美!)
本句式的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可以省去以突顯情緒的強(qiáng)烈感，例如：
How cruel/(they are)!
(真是慘絕人寰!——如聽(tīng)到綁票的撕票案等。)
How beautiful (these flowers are )!
(d)使用簡(jiǎn)短的陳述句配合音調(diào)也可以表達(dá)感嘆，例如：
You are kidding!
(你在開(kāi)玩笑!——表示驚訝)
I hate you!
(我恨你!——表示憤怒或絕望)
Drilling Square
請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝卸涛恼页銎硎咕浜透袊@句，若是祈使句請(qǐng)?jiān)谠摼湎旅婕泳€，若是感嘆句則請(qǐng)加上感嘆號(hào)。
“Tom Susan”said Betty.
“Will you come here?
Come and see what I have.
See what is in my box.”
Tom said,“Here we come.
We will come fast.
We want to see what you have.”
“Look, Tom, look”said Susan.
“Look at the white kitten.
What a little kitten.
I like this little Pet.”
“Look, Susan”said Tom.
“See the kitten run to Betty.
The kitten likes Betty.”
“Tom Tom” said Betty.
“See my white kitten run.
See my kitten run to the tree.
Will you get my kitten, Tom?”
Tom said,“Here I go.
I will got the kitten.”
Tom said,“Look up in the tree.
See the kitten go up in the tree.”
“My, My”said Father.
“This kitten can run fast.
What a frisky little kitten”
“Frisky Frisky”said Betty.
“You are Frisky kitten.
Frisky kitten is my little pet.”
—The Little White House , Odille Ousley
