1. 使役動詞或感官動詞后的不定式何時帶to
He had often made his little sister ______, but today he wasmade ______ by his little sister.
A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD. to cry, cry
此題應(yīng)選 A。一般說來, 在“感官動詞”(如 see, hear,
watch, feel, notice, look at, listen to等)以及某些“使役
動詞”(如make等)之后的復(fù)合賓語中, 不定式是不能帶to的, 但若是變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的被動語態(tài), 則應(yīng)加上這個to：
1. John was made ____ the truck for a week as a
punishment.
A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washed
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always
works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
3. He not only made the workers _____ long hoursbut he was also seen ____ them.
A. work, beatB. to work, to beat
C. work, to beatD. to work, beat
4. a. He often listened to others ______.
b. He was often listened to _____ in this room.
A. sing, to singB. to sing, sing
C. sing, singD. to sing, to sing
答案：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A
2. 哪些動詞后要接動名詞而不接不定式作賓語
I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. you’re calling
此題應(yīng)選 C。因為動詞appreciate(感激)之后通常接動名詞作賓語。類似地，以下動詞通常也只用動名詞作賓語：
appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 can’t help 禁不住
consider 考慮 dislike 厭惡enjoy 喜愛
excuse 原諒 finish 完成 give up 放棄
imagine 想象keep 保持mind 介意
miss 錯過practise 練習(xí)put off 推遲
risk 冒險stop 停止 suggest 建議
forbid 禁止advise 建議allow 允許
permit 允許 等等
I couldn’t help laughing when we heard the news. 聽到這個消息我禁不住笑了起來。
I can’t imagine doing work with them. 我無法想象與他們一起工作。
He practises playing the piano every day. 他每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。
Would you mind opening the window? 打開窗戶你介意嗎?
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed beingcaught. 這只小松鼠很幸運, 沒有被抓住。
He advised selling the old car. 他建議賣掉這部舊汽車。
3. 哪些動詞后要接不定式而不接動名詞作賓語
We expected ______ but we didn’t manage ______ the tickets.
A. to go, to get B. going, gettingC. to go, getting D. going, to get
此題應(yīng)選A, 因為動詞 expect, manage之后接動詞作賓語時，通常要用不定式而不用動名詞。類似地以下動詞通常也只能以不定式作賓語：
agree 同意 ask 要求choose 決定
decide 決定expect 期待hope 希望
manage 設(shè)法得以 prepare 準(zhǔn)備offer 主動提出
pretend 假裝promise 答應(yīng)refuse 拒絕
wish 希望want 想要等等
1. She pretended _____ me when I passed by.
A. not to seeB. not seeing
C. to not seeD. having not seen
2. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having metB. meeting
C. to meet D. to have met
3. He offered _____ us the money, so we decided_____ a computer.
A. to lend, to buy B. lending, buying
C. to lend, buyingD. lending, to buy
4. He chose _____ at home because he had a cold.
A. staying B. to stay
C. having stayedD. to having stayed
答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B
4. like, love等動詞后接不定式還是動名詞
Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be takenB. to takeC. being taken D. taking
此題應(yīng)選 A。因為從語法上看should love 之后只能接不定式, 所以答案只能在A, B中選擇；又因為從句意上看應(yīng)該用被動式, 所以只能選A。
在英語中, 有些動詞其后接動詞作賓語時, 可用不定式也可用動名詞, 且含義大致相同。這類動詞主要有：like, love, begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, intend, can’t bear(也有人認(rèn)為用不定式多指特定動作, 用動名詞多指經(jīng)常性動作, 但總的說來, 在現(xiàn)代英語中這兩類結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別不大)：
He like watching [to watch] TV. 他喜歡看電視。
I prefer living [to live] here. 我喜歡住在這兒。
但是以下兩點須注意：
1. 當(dāng)like, love與would, should連用時, 其后只用不定式而不用動名詞(見本題)。
若表示“本來想要”這樣的意思, 后接不定式的完成式：
I’d love to have gone to the party yesterday but
I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 昨天我本想去參加晚會的, 但我要加班寫一個報告。
2. 當(dāng)begin, start 等動詞本身為現(xiàn)在分詞時或當(dāng)其后接表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞時, 其后的動詞通常用不定式：
I was beginning (starting) to cook supper. 我正要開始煮晚飯。
He began to like poetry when he was a boy. 他在童年時代就開始喜歡詩。
