黑色星期一
Never far from bearish minds is the 1987 crash,which saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average Plunge 508 points on Black Monday.
熊市人士的心中，殷鑒不遠(yuǎn)的是1987年的大崩盤：道瓊斯工業(yè)指數(shù)在黑色星期一慘跌508點(diǎn)。
That 508-point plunge on Black Monday was worsened by so-called portfolio insurance,
黑色星期一508點(diǎn)的狂跌，被所謂“證券保險(xiǎn)”火上加油。
which is computerized programs designed to bail investors out of stocks in a downturn by selling stock futures.
這種電腦程序設(shè)計(jì)的目的，就是要在股票下跌時(shí)大賣股票期貨，以助投資人殺出股市。
blue chip
績(jī)優(yōu)股
And while other blue-chip firms such as Sears,IBM and General Motors,floundered in the 1980s,
1980年代，當(dāng)其他績(jī)優(yōu)股如西爾斯百貨、IBM和通用汽車在掙扎時(shí)，
most GE units surged ahead and consistently hit Welch’s target of being No.1or No.2 in every market.
奇異集團(tuán)大多數(shù)的機(jī)構(gòu)卻都能大幅上漲，并且如Welch所愿，在各該領(lǐng)域中都能維持第一或第二的成績(jī)。
Like their American counterparts,Japanese executives cheerfully overpaid for their late-80s acquisitions.
日本企業(yè)主管也和他們的美國同儕一樣，在1980年代末期高高興興地花冤枉錢進(jìn)行一堆購并案。
But the Japanese made another fundamental miscalculation,
但日本人犯了另一個(gè)基本的錯(cuò)誤。
says Gray Saxonhouse,an economics professor at the University of Michigan:
密歇根大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授Gray Saxonhouse指出：
"They had a faith in American landmarks a faith in American blue-chip names."
“他們對(duì)美國的陸標(biāo)太有信心，對(duì)美國的名牌企業(yè)也同樣太有信心。”
bull market
牛市、多頭市場(chǎng)
Some analysts,dwelling on the fundamentals rather than superstition,
一些堅(jiān)守基本觀念而不盲從的分析家認(rèn)為，
think the epic bull market that began in 1982 has finally entered a long season of bearishness
自1982年來持久不衰的牛市，終于進(jìn)入了長(zhǎng)期的熊市，
because of the likelihood of very show economic growth in the 1990s.
因?yàn)?990年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)似乎會(huì)非常緩慢。
Share prices in the relentlessly upbeat stock market now stand at skyhigh levels by historical standards,
在這毫不猶豫向前沖的股市中，現(xiàn)在的股價(jià)指數(shù)站在歷史新高點(diǎn)，
and dividend yields have fallen to near record lows-
但股利卻幾乎掉到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的低檔——
classic signals that the bull market that began 2 1/2 years ago has got dangerously long in the tooth.
這是很典型的警訊：兩年半前開始的牛市已經(jīng)持續(xù)太久到搖搖欲墜的地步了。
corporate bond
公司債券
The average aggressive-growth fund has risen 29% in the past 12 months.Corporate-bond funds gained 13% overall.
高增長(zhǎng)基金在過去12個(gè)月平均漲幅為29%，而公司債券基金漲幅為13%。
As a graduate business student at Pennsylvania’s Wharton School,Milken made junk bonds a focus of his scholarship.
垃圾債券大王米爾肯還在賓州大學(xué)華頓商學(xué)院念研究生時(shí)，他就以研究垃圾債券得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。
Despite their reputation for high risk,he found that the securities showed a history of few defaults.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然垃圾債券風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有名的高，但是在過去卻很少出現(xiàn)問題。
Milken believed the securities’ relatively high yields,typically 3% to 5% more than any investment-grade corporate bond,were more than enough compensation for that slightly increased risk.
Milken相信這種證券在利潤(rùn)上比任何的投資級(jí)公司債券都要高3%至5%的情形下，遠(yuǎn)可以彌補(bǔ)稍微偏高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所可能帶來的損失。
default
違約
Greenspan’s strong hint last week that the Federal Reserve will continue to push up interest rates
上周Greenspan強(qiáng)烈暗示聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行將持續(xù)調(diào)高利率，
heightened worries that more governments with over-leveraged portfolios heavily based on interest rate bets could be forced to default.
如此一來，更多的政府就更要擔(dān)心他們主要靠賭利率才能維持的一個(gè)以債養(yǎng)債的局面即將崩潰，使他們被迫違約。
