第11章 代詞
一.概念:
代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
1.人稱代詞
1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：
I like table tennis. (作主語)
Do you knowhim?(作賓語)
3)人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older thanI am.
2. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞，如下表所示。
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語)
--- Is this English-book yours? (作表語)
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I’ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語)
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those
則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如：
This is a pen andthat is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
Inthose days the workers had a hard time.
2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講
到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
3)有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
4)this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。
1)作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2)作表語。
It doesn’t matter.I’ll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3)作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語同位語)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語)
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A.
高中英語語法大全 第十一章 代詞 (2)
2007-01-12 點擊數(shù):2292
5. 不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表
語、賓語和定語。現(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：
1)some與any的區(qū)別
①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
②any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn’t any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
③any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can’t see any.
If you have no money, I’ll lend you some.
注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。
2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別
①用作形容詞：
含義
用法
表示肯定
表示否定
用于可數(shù)名詞
a few雖少，但有幾個
few不多，幾乎沒有
用于不可數(shù)名詞
a little，雖少，但有一點
little不多，沒有什么
I’m going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
②a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I’m a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級)
She slept very little last night.
3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。
用 法
代名詞
形容詞
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
單數(shù)
