when，where，why作為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，總稱為關(guān)系副詞。下面用句子合并的方法分析它們的使用。
一、where引導(dǎo)的定語從句
請(qǐng)分析下面兩個(gè)簡單句：
句①I know a garden.
句②You can find wild strawberries there.
把句②變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，句①中的agarden做定語從句的先行詞。在句②中there指句①中提到的agarden也就是定語從句的先行詞，there在句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，因此要用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，代替句②中的there，也就是說there就不能出現(xiàn)在定語從句中了。由此得到句 ③I know a garden where you can find wild strawberries.
句②還可以寫作句 ④You can find wild strawberries in it(it指句①中的garden，“在花園中”要使用介詞短語in the garden)。把句④變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，因?yàn)閕t做介詞in的賓語，先行詞是agarden，指物。在這種定語從句中介詞常常提到定語從句的開始，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能使用which替代it，it就不能在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了。由此得到句⑤即：I know a garden in which you can find wild strawberries.
請(qǐng)把下面每組的兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ從句。
第一組：
This is the village.
I was born there.
→This is the village where I was born.
第二組：
The lab is not far from here.
The chemist often does experiments there.
→The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here.
二、when引導(dǎo)的定語從句
請(qǐng)分析下面兩個(gè)簡單句：
句①We shall remember the days.
句②We studied together then.
把句②變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，句①中的the days做定語從句的先行詞。在句②中then指句①中提到的the days，也就是定語從句的先行詞，then在句中做時(shí)間狀語，因此要用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，代替句②中的then，也就是說then就不能出現(xiàn)在定語從句中了。由此得到句③We shall remember the days when we studied together.
句② 還可以寫作句④We studied together during the days.(介詞短語during the days含義為“在這些日子里”)。把句④變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，因?yàn)閠he days做介詞during的賓語，先行詞是the days，指物，在定語從句中介詞during提前，用關(guān)系代詞which替代the days，the days就不能在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了。由此得到句⑤We shall remember the days during which we studies together.
請(qǐng)把下面每組的兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ從句。
第一組：
I’ve always longed for the days.
I should be able to be independent then.
→I’ve always longed for the days when I should be able to be independent.
第二組：
There are moments.
I forget all about it then.
→There are moments when I forget all about it.
三、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
請(qǐng)分析下面兩個(gè)簡單句：
句①He wanted to know the reason.
句②I was late for the reason.
把句②變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，句①中的the reasons做定語從句的先行詞。因?yàn)閠he reason做介詞for的賓語，先行詞是the reason指物，在定語從句中介詞for提前，用關(guān)系代詞which替代the reason，the reason就不能在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了。由此得到句③He wanted to know the reason for which I was late.
注意：在定語從句中當(dāng)先行詞為the reason(s)，定語從句由for which引導(dǎo)時(shí)，可以用why代替for which。由此我們得到句⑤He wanted to know the reason why I was late.
請(qǐng)把下面兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ從句。
The reason is not very convincing.
He came for the reason.
→The reason why he came is not very convincing.
The reason for which he came is not very convincing.
■鞏固性練習(xí)
一、合并句子
請(qǐng)把下面每組的兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ從句。
1.There came a day.The rain fell at last then.
2.This is the hour.The place is always full of women and children then.
3.We will start at the point.We left off there.
4.Give me one good reason.I should help you for the reason.
5.This is the factory.His father works there.
6.I don’t know the reason.You quarreled with him.
7.I’ll never forget the days.We studied together then.
二、鏈接高考
1.All___is needed is a supply of oil.
A.the thing B.that C.what D.which
2.Finally，the thief handed everything___he had stolen to the police.
A.which B.what C.whatever D.that
3.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.
A.where B.who C.in which D.which
4.Can you tell me the name of the factory___you visited last week?
A.what B.where C./ D.when
5.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone___family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose
6.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town____he grew up as a child.
A.which B.that C.where D.when
7.The film brought the hours back to me____I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A.until B.that C.when D.where
參考答案
一、合并句子
1.There came a day when the rain fell at last.
2.This is the hour when the place is always full of women and children.
3.We will start at the point where we left off.
4.Give me one good reason why I should help you.
5.This is the factory where his father works.
6.I don’t know the reason why you quarreled with him
7.I’ll never forget the days when we studied together.
二、高考答案：1-5 BDDCD 6-7 CC
