誤解單詞詞性類錯誤
英語和漢語不僅在遣詞造句、句型搭配、習慣用法等方面有很大的差別，就是在詞性方面也有很大的差別，并且這種差別有時會使同學們稍不小心就釀成錯誤。如：
◇_________ he was in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. SinceC. While D. In
答案是選A嗎？during（在……期間）是連詞嗎？它能引導時間狀語從句嗎？請參見本節有關例題。
◇I want him to go with us _________ he doesn’t.
A. even B. if C. even ifD. if even
【分析】此題能選A嗎？even（即使）是連詞嗎？它能引導讓步狀語從句嗎？請參見本節有關例題。
◇_________ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?
A. Do B. CanC. AreD. Did
Against（反對）是動詞嗎？它可以用作謂語嗎？此題的最佳答案是A嗎？請參見本節有關例題。
◇A _________ road goes _________ from one place to another.
A. straight, straightB. straightly, straightlyC. straight, straightlyD. straightly, straight
straightly 是 straight 的副詞形式嗎？換句話說，修飾名詞用 straight，而修飾動詞就用 straightly 嗎？請參見本節有關例題。
本節搜集了中學生在詞性用法上容易出錯的一些典型例題，希望對同學們的學習有所幫助。
1. _________ he was in Japan, he visited many places.
A. DuringB. Since C. WhileD. In
【分析】此題容易誤選 A，將介詞 during 誤用作連詞。正確答案應為 C。不過此題若改為如下形式，則應選介詞 during：
_________ his stay in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. SinceC. While D. In
但是下面一例要填 while，而不能填 during，因為其后接的已是一個介詞短語，所以不宜再用介詞 during，而用 while 可將其視為省略句：
_________ at school, he wrote his first novel.
A. During B. SinceC. While D. In
可視為 While (he was) at school, he wrote his first novel. 之省略。
2. I want him to go with us _________ he doesn’t.
A. evenB. if C. even if D. if even
【分析】此題容易誤選 A，其實應選 C。從語義上看，even 和 even if都可表示“即使”，如：
It was cold there even in July. 那里即使在七月，天氣都很冷。
Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走著去，我也要走到那里。
Even if we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our holidays. 即使我們有能力，我們也不去國外度假。
但是兩者的詞性不同：even 是副詞，even if 是連詞，
3. _________ the years slipped by, I thought less about her.
A. With B. As C. Since D. To
【分析】此題容易誤選 A，而其實應選 B。雖然 with 和 as 均可表示“隨著”，但詞性不同：with 是介詞，后接名詞或代詞，而 as 用于此義時是連詞，后接句子。比較：
He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長，他會進步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時代變了，人們的觀念也會變化。
下題應選答案C，你知道是什么原因了嗎？
_________ the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste has beenproduced.
A. As B. ForC. WithD. Through
4. He walked _________ the stage and bowed to the audience.
A. acrossB. crossC. crossing D. acrossing
【分析】此題容易誤選B。across 和 cross 均可表示“橫過”、“穿過”，但詞性不同：across 是介詞，cross 是動詞。比較：
cross the street 橫過馬路walk across the street 走過馬路
cross a river 過河，渡河swim across a river 游過河
【分析】此題正確答案應為A。請再看一例：
Don’t _________ the bridge until you come to it.
A. acrossB. crossC. throughD. over
【分析】此題最佳答案選B，從題干的句子結構來看，填空處只能填一個動詞，而在所給的四個選項中，只有B為動詞，其余三個均為介詞。
5. A _________ road goes _________ from one place to another.
A. straight, straightB. straightly, straightly
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
【分析】此題容易誤選C，認為第一空是用于road 前作定語，故用形容詞straight(這是對的)；第二空應填副詞 straightly，用以修飾動詞goes(這就不完全對了)。在現代英語中，straight 既可用作形容詞，也可用作副詞。straightly這個副詞形式在現代英語中已被廢棄，許多詞典均不再收錄此詞。所以此題最佳答案應選A。
