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英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作是執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。如：

They build this school.

They school is built by them.

1、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

“助動詞 +(及物動詞的)過去分詞”構(gòu)成動詞被動語態(tài)的形式。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動詞的變化完全一樣。如：

This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.(一般現(xiàn)在時)

The thief was arrested.(一般過去時)

A new road is being built outside my house.(現(xiàn)在進行時)

The man was being questioned by the police.(過去進行時)

Your wallet has been found.(現(xiàn)在完成時)

By the time we got there. The work had been finished.(過去完成時)

My sister would be taken care of by grandma.(過去將來時)

Your watch will be repaired.(一般將來時)

教學難點：

在英語里，有一些動詞是不及物動詞，后面不能跟賓語，所以沒有被動語態(tài)。以下動詞只有主動語態(tài)，沒有被動語態(tài)。

appear, die, happen, fall, arrive.

2、五種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例

① 一般現(xiàn)在時

A lot of books are kept in our school library.

Radio is used in everyday life.

② 一般過去時

A thief was caught last night.

They were asked to speak at the meeting.

③ 現(xiàn)在進行時

A new library is being put up in their school now.

The watch is being repaired.

④ 一般將來時

The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.

The thieves will be arrested.

⑤ 現(xiàn)在完成時

My bag has been stolen.

Many stamps have been collected by me since last year.

3、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)

① 主動結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語。

② 主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。

③ 主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語，放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動詞之后。在動作的執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必強調(diào)時，by短語可以省略。

④ 主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)兩種時態(tài)要保持一致。如：

We repaired the motor.

The motor was repaired by us.