一、主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)概說

英語的語態(tài)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

，主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成：

Everybody likes him. 大家都喜歡他。 (主動語態(tài))

He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜歡。(被動語態(tài))

二、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法

1. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法

將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，將主動謂語變?yōu)楸粍又^語(be+過去分詞)，將主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y短語(在被動句中用作狀語)：

He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.

【注意】若不強調(diào)動詞執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)中的by短語通常可以省略：

He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。

What is this flower called? 這種花叫什么花?

2. 雙賓動詞的被動語態(tài)

雙賓動詞即指帶雙賓語的動詞，它們在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常是把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來(稱為保留賓語)：

He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

有的動詞則通常把直接賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(到底用to還是for，與所搭配的動詞有關(guān))：

He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (與動詞write搭配用介詞to)

She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (與動詞make搭配用介詞for)

有時以上兩種方式均可用：

He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一塊表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.