it是人稱代名詞,在句中用作簡(jiǎn)單的指代、非人稱的指代、形式上的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。
用作簡(jiǎn)單代名詞的it?當(dāng)句子中的有些成分重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí),可以用IT代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞或其同等語(yǔ)、其他片語(yǔ)、子句或句子。
1. it代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞或其同等語(yǔ)。
I bought a new car last week, but it was stolen yesterday.
我上周買了一輛新車,但它昨天就被盜了。
it代替名詞片語(yǔ)a new car。
2. it代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的其他片語(yǔ)。
I tried to calm him, but it was impossible.
我試圖使他平靜下來(lái),但這不可能。
it代替不定詞片語(yǔ)to calm him。
3. it代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的子句或句子,但用在動(dòng)詞forget, know, remember, try等的后面時(shí)通常省略。
Your lottery wins the first prize. It will bring you a lot of money.
你的彩票中了頭獎(jiǎng)。這會(huì)給你帶來(lái)很多錢。
It代替句子Your lottery wins the first prize。
用作先行代名詞的it
用作先行代名詞的it主要充當(dāng)形式上的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
1. it作形式上的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),后面真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)通常是不定詞片語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞片語(yǔ)或名詞子句。
It is true that he won the top prize.
他得了大獎(jiǎng)是真的。
名詞子句that he won the top prize是真正主語(yǔ)。
2. it在"It seems (appears, looks, chances, happens) + that (as if)..."的結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),沒(méi)有具體意義。
It seems that we should ask him to give us a treat.
似乎應(yīng)該讓他請(qǐng)客。
3. it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)后面可以接is+過(guò)去分詞+that引導(dǎo)的名詞子句。如:
It is believed that(據(jù)信)
It is reported that(據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo))
It is well known that(眾所周知)
It is said that(據(jù)說(shuō))等。
It is well known that anyone who wins prize should treat us to a good dinner.
中獎(jiǎng)的人要請(qǐng)我們美餐一頓是眾所周知的。