從連接詞的用法,或者從它所連接的成分的不同性質(zhì)來看,可分為對等連接詞和從屬連接詞兩類
累積連接詞是把所連接的部分通過累加的方式連接在一起的對等連接詞,如:
and, as well as, both...and, not only...but also。
It seems you and I together can do nothing but shopping.
你和我在一起好像除了購物就不能做點(diǎn)別的。
Tom and Jim are good friends.
湯姆和吉姆是好朋友。
and連接作主語的兩個專有名詞。
The movie is both interesting and instructive.
這部電影既有趣又有教育意義。
both...and 連接兩個作主語補(bǔ)語的形容詞。
Not only the planets but also the sun is in constant motion.
不僅是行星而且太陽也在不斷地運(yùn)動。
not only...but also連接作主語的兩個名詞,述語動詞的數(shù)由but also 后面的主語決定。
選擇連接詞的作用是將若干文法作用相同的部分連接在一起,在其中選擇一個,如:
or, not...but, either...or, neither...nor, or else。
Neither you nor I like going shopping.
你不喜歡購物，我也不喜歡。
Which do you like, tea or coffee?
你想喝什么,茶還是咖啡?
or連接兩個名詞,表示選擇其中之一。
You or he is mistaken.
不是你錯了就是他錯了。
or連接兩個代名詞作主語,述語動詞由or后面的主語決定。
What he wants is not money but justice.
他所要的不是錢而是公正。
Either you or I am right.
不是你對就是我對。
推理連接詞連接兩個子句,表示因果、推理的意義,如:
accordingly, consequently, hence, so, then, therefore。
...Therefore, I should go and buy a new one.
...所以我應(yīng)該去買件新的。
I didn’t go to school yesterday, so I didn’t see my teacher.
我昨天沒有上學(xué),所以我沒有看到我的老師。
I was ill yesterday, therefore, I didn’t go to school.
我昨天病了,所以我沒有上學(xué)。
The company went bankrupt. Consequently, he lost his job.
公司破產(chǎn),因此他失業(yè)了。
I was in a hurry, hence I only took a piece of sandwich as lunch.
我很忙,所以只吃了一塊三明治作為午餐。
從屬連接詞是連接從屬子句的連接詞,可以引導(dǎo)名詞子句,形容詞子句和副詞子句。常見的有:
if(是否,如果), when(當(dāng)...時), as(當(dāng)...時,因?yàn)?正如), since(自從,既然), until(直到), before(在...之前), because(因?yàn)?, unless(除非), whether(是否), than(比), though(雖然)。
I wonder whether (if) this fits me.
我想知道這件是不是適合我。
whether引導(dǎo)的名詞子句作動詞的賓語時,在不會引起歧義的情況下可用if代替。
I really don’t know what you like.
我真不知道你喜歡什么。
I don’t know what you mean.
我不知道你的意思。
what引導(dǎo)的名詞子句作賓語,相當(dāng)于that which。
Do you know who will come soon?
你知道誰不久要來?
who引導(dǎo)的名詞子句作賓語,并在名詞子句中作主語。
引導(dǎo)形容詞子句的關(guān)系代名詞主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
The one which has red dots looks better.
帶紅點(diǎn)兒的這件看起來更好。
The teacher blamed the boy that (who) broke the window.
老師責(zé)備了打碎窗戶的男孩。
He was reading a book that (which) was written by Mark Twain.
他在讀一本馬克吐溫寫的書。
This is the man whose wallet was lost.
這就是那個遺失了錢包的人。
This is the man whom you want to see.
這就是你想見到的那個人。
引導(dǎo)副詞子句的從屬連接詞可表示多種意義。
表目的的從屬連接詞有so that, in order that, that, for fear, in case, lest等。
I want to leave here so that I don’t have to pay for the skirt.
我想讓她離開這里，這樣我就不用為那裙子付錢了。
I got up early so that I could catch the train.
我起得早為的是能夠趕上火車。
I got up early lest I should miss the train.
我起得早以免誤火車。
表?xiàng)l件的從屬連接詞有if, unless, providing, provided, only if等。
My girlfriend will leave here if she sees me talking to a girl.
如果我的女朋友看見我和女孩兒說話，她就會離開這里的。
We will go to the park if it doesn’t rain.
要是不下雨我們就去公園。
We will not go to the park only if it rains.
只有下雨我們才不去公園。
