I．要點

有時為了避免重復(fù)，使語言簡練緊湊，在不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個或多個句子成分或詞語。

１、固定習(xí)慣用詞。如：

No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。

2. 簡單句中的省略

（１）口語中，一、二、三人稱的主語，有時還包括謂語都可以省略。如：（It is）Nice to see you!

(This is) Li Ming speaking.

（２）所有格后的名詞如為住宅、商店、工礦、教堂等可以省略。如：

I'm going to visit Tom's (house).

I met him at the tailor's (shop).

（３）兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起時，第一個不定式帶to，后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.

（４）主（賓）語補足語中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.

（５）There be結(jié)構(gòu)中there be可同時省略，或只省略there.如：(Is there) Anything wrong?

（６）表示年齡的years old, 表示鐘點的o'clock, minute等常省略。如：What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).

3從句中的省略

（１）賓語從句，以which, when, where, how和why引起的賓語從句謂語與主句謂語如相同，可省略從句中全部謂語，甚至主語也可省略，僅保留wh－一詞。如：

He will come, but we don't know when (he will come).

He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come).

（２）定語從句中可省略作賓語的關(guān)系代詞，如：

The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher.

（３）狀語從句，在時間、地點、讓步、方式、條件狀語從句中，從句主語與主句主語一致，或從句主語是it，則be動詞及其主語常可省略。如：

I'll tell him that when (it is) possible.

I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.

II．例題

例１Abeam of light will not bend（彎曲）round corners unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device（反射裝置）。

A made B being made C having made D to be made

解析：該題正確答案為A。unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth變成被動語態(tài)則為sth/ sb be made to do.

例２While ____my homework, I heard a cry for help.

A do B did C doing D having done

解析：該題答案為C。該空處省略了I'm,相當(dāng)于while I'm doing my home work.如：While playing guitar, he is singing.