一、考點(diǎn) however 分析
however是高考英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)十分重要的考點(diǎn)，近幾年來(lái)每年的各省考題均有所涉及。請(qǐng)看兩道典型高考真題：
1. You should try to get a good night’s sleep _____ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
【分析】答案選A。however作連接副詞時(shí)，與no matter how相當(dāng)，后接形容詞或副詞，意為“無(wú)論……”“不管……”。句意是：不管你有多少工作要做，你都應(yīng)該好好休息一個(gè)晚上。
2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although
【分析】答案選A。因difficult是形容詞，修飾形容詞要用連接副詞however(無(wú)論如何，不管多么)，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
二、however用法詳解
不管however以何種形式出現(xiàn)在高考題中，它都不外乎以下兩種用法。
1. 用作副詞
(1) 表示讓步：意為“無(wú)論如何”“不管怎樣”，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞，其詞序?yàn)椋篽owever+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。這樣用的however其實(shí)具有連詞的功能，用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到達(dá)之后就給我打電話，不論多么晚也要打。
However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永遠(yuǎn)吃不胖。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。
You won’t move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力氣有多大，也休想搬動(dòng)那塊石頭。
However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight 不管有多遠(yuǎn)，我今晚也要開(kāi)車(chē)到那兒去。
用于此用法時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
①此用法屬however所有用法中最重要的考點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們務(wù)請(qǐng)引起高度重視。
②這樣用的 however 與 no matter how 大致同義。如：
People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人總是富了還想再富。
However [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 無(wú)論我多么努力地工作，她從來(lái)沒(méi)滿(mǎn)意過(guò)。
③有時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 無(wú)論多么有趣也不要笑。
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 無(wú)論多么難，我也要按時(shí)完成。
④“however+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”有時(shí)可以有所省略。如：
I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管條件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 無(wú)論房間多么小，我寧愿一個(gè)人住一間，而不愿意與別人合住一個(gè)房間。
A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一條語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，不管如何正確，除非能懂，否則毫無(wú)用處。
(2) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：尤其用于談及一個(gè)既成事實(shí)時(shí)，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，其意為“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。如：
My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父親不同意。
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房間很小，但卻很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他說(shuō)情況如此，可是他錯(cuò)了。
注：however不能像 but(但是)那樣直接連接兩個(gè)句子(注意正句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào))。如：
我們都已盡了最大的努力，不過(guò)我們還是輸了。
誤：We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
