（四）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)
I．要點(diǎn)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：
Sometimes, we go swimming after school
（2）表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：
The earth goes round the sun.
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1) 表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, ever 等詞連用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時(shí)
表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時(shí)
表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：
It happened many years ago.
6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、過去完成時(shí)
表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
８、一般過去將來時(shí)
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
９、被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。
時(shí)／式
一般
進(jìn)行
完成
現(xiàn)在
am
is given
are
am
is being
are
has
been given
have
過去
was
given
were
was
being given were
had been given
將來
shall
be given
will
shall
have been given
will
過去將來
should
be given
would
should
have been given
would
II．例題
例１I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。
例２The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語，而不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中。
