it 與there be的用法

I．要點

1、it的用法

（1）用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的無生命的事物，動植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that，如，

I have a new pen. It is beautiful.

The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.

（2）用來表示時間、天氣、距離等，如，

It's twelve o'clock now.

It's fine today.

（3）用作引導詞，代替由不定式，ing形式或從句表示的真正的主語或賓語，如，

It's no good telling him that.

It's necessary for you to do so.

（4）用在強調結構中，構成強調句式：It is/was +被強調部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分，可強調除謂語以外的句子其他成分，如，

It was this morning that I saw him in the street.

It was I who saw him in the street this morning.

It was in the street that I saw him this morning.

It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.

2、there be句型

英語表示某時某處或某物時，常用there be句型，這是一種倒裝結構，如，

There are a lot of students playing on the ground.

There is going to be a test this afternoon.

當主語有兩個或兩個以上時，動詞be常和最近的那個主語取得一致，如，

There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.

There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.

There are lots of people like it, aren't there?

there be句型，謂語動詞除be之外，還可用其他表示存在，位置移動等意義的不及物動詞或詞組，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，

There stands a house at the foot of the hill.

there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"擁有"，所以there be中be不能換成have，但當have表示事物的特征時，可用"主語+have"結構替換there be 句型，如：

There are five doors in the house.

The house has five doors.

there be 的其它句型：

1、There must be a meeting in the office.

2、There have been great changes since 1979.

3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.

I．例題

例１____ that he went to sleep.

A It was until midnight B That was until midnight

C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight

解析：該題答案為C。強調until結構時，要將否定詞not移到until前。又如：He didn't leave until twelve 改為It was not until twelve that he left.

例２There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.

A talk B talking C talked D to talk

解析：該題正確答案為B。There be句型為倒裝句，可換為A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.