中國人輕松學英語常用語法(6)

第六章否定句子(Negative Sentences)

6§1 否定句的基本規則

在任何語言，我們都有必要造出〝否定〞的句子，在中文，寫出否定句子并非難事，在英文，無論任何否定句子，都必須遵行一些規定，以下是否定句子的例子

肯定句子否定句子

I like music. I don’t like music.

He loves swimming. He does not love swimming.

They have come to work. They have not come to work.

Mary went to see a movie yesterday. Mary did not go to see a movie yesterday.

John is a good boy. John is not a good boy.

I will go to New York tomorrow. I will not go to New York tomorrow.

He can sing.He can not sing.

You may go now. You may not go now.

He should sleep early. He should not sleep early.

It is raining now. It is not raining now.

It rains very often here. It does not rain very often here.

He has a lot of money. He does not have a lot of money.

It is exciting to see this game.It is not exciting to see this game.

He asked me three questions.He did not ask me three questions.

從以上的例子來看，我們可以歸納出以下的規則：

1.Verb to be 后面可以直接加not。例如：

He is not a good teacher.

Mary was not very happy when she was young.

They are not strong boys.

Peter is not coming.

John is not going to work.

2.助動詞后面可以直接加not。例如：

He has not written any letter.

They will not come.

He cannot swim.

They should not cry very often.

Tom had not eaten any thing before you came.

He may never eat cakes in the future.

John has not lived here.

3.一般句子的動詞必須加入do或他的變形。

He does not smoke.

He did not go.

I do not love sports.

You do not like to eat fish.

They do not swim very well.

We did not see that movie.

在英文中，我們可以用have to來代替must，以下是have to的例子：

He has to go to Chicago tomorrow.（他明天應該去芝加哥）

They had to buy three tickets to go to the concert.（他們必須買三張票去聽音樂會）

I have to work very hard.（我必須努力工作）

含有have to的句子，如要改成否定句子，必須在have to前面加do或它的變形，請看以下的例子：

肯定句子否定句子

He has to eat a lot of food. He does not have to eat a lot of food.

He had to leave.He did not have to leave.

I have to write that letter.I do not have to write that letter.

【練習二十三】

將以下的肯定句子改成否定句子：

1.I saw your brother last night.

2.I like apples.

3.She is a beautiful girl.

4.They can play violin very well.

5.Mr. Chang must answer the following questions.

6.He went to see his brother last night.

7.He could sing many songs.

8.He will buy this car.

9.It rained heavily last night.

10. I have lived here for three years.

11. He has to see his mother.

12. He had to stay here yesterday.

6§2 No, Never和Any的用法

要達成否定的意思,有時我們也可以用no和never這些字，no必須跟一個名詞，請看下面的例子：

1.I saw no students here.

2.There are no lakes in this country.

3.I have no money.

4.I had no choice.

5.He has no friends.

以上這些例子也可以用not來表示否定的意思，如果用not，則以上的句子應該照下面的方式寫；

1.I did not see any student here.

2.We can not find any lake in this country.

3.I do not have any money.

4.I did not have any choice.

5.He does not have any friends.

除以上not之外，never也可以表達否定的意思，以下都是never的例子，請注意never常用在完成式的句子里：

I have never gone there.

He has never written any song.

They have never washed their clothes.

【練習二十四】

用no，not和never填空在以下的句子里:

1.I havemoney.

2.A selfish person doeshave any friends.

3.man is entirely alone.

4.one is living here. We canget into this house.

5.a single person loves me.

6.one loves me.

7.The person whom I saw didcome.

8.I didgo to work yesterday.

9.I hadwork to do yesterday.

10. I canfind any one in this hall.

11. I havegone to America.

12. He haswritten to me.