分詞作定語
1.分詞前置
We can see the rising sun.
我們可以看到東升的旭日
He is a retired worker.
他是位退休的工人。
2.分詞后置 (i.分詞詞組；ii.個別分詞如given, left； iii.修飾不定代詞something等)
There was a girl sitting there.
有個女孩坐在那里。
This is the question given.
這是所給的問題。
There is nothing interesting.
沒有有趣的東西。
過去分詞作定語：與其修飾的詞是被動關系，相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例題
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 書與寫作是被動關系，應用過去分詞做定語表被動，相當于定語從句which is written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主語language與謂語動詞之間有被動的含義。
spoken是動詞speak的過去分詞形式，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken與language有被動關系。
該句可以理解為：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
分詞作狀語
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多給些照顧，那些樹會長得更好。
典型例題
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon與follow之間有被動的含義。being followed除表達被動之外，還有動作正在進行之意。followed by（被...跟隨）。
本題可改為：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動。用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本題要選一分詞作為狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，正在進行的；過去分詞表被動的，已經(jīng)完成的。對于液體來說是加熱的受動者，是被動的，因而選C。它相當于一個狀語從句 When it is heated，...
注意： 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。
